نام كتاب :OPTICALLY ANOMALOUS CRYSTALSنويسنده :ALEXANDER SHTUKENBERG- YURII O. PUNIN-انتشارات : Springer- 2007تعداد صفحات : 280 صفحهحجم فايل : 6.77 مگابايت كريستالها و مواد حالت جامد خواص به خصوصي در هنگام عبور نور از خودشان نشان ميدهند. برخي از كريستالها مي توانند بر روي طول موج نور ورودي اثر گذارند مانند تيغه هاي نيم موج. در اين كتاب به برخي از خصوصيات اپتيكي كريستالها كه نظم شبكه به خصوصي دارند، پرداخته مي شودفصول كتاب:Crystal Optics 131.1. Introduction to Crystal Optics in Transmitted Light 131.1.1. Light in Isotropic Media 131.1.2. Light in Anisotropic Medium: Linear Birefringence 151.1.3. Symmetry of the Optical Indicatrix 161.1.4. Other Linear Optical Phenomena 181.1.5. Composition, Structure, and Optics 201.2. Characterizing the Optical Indicatrix 241.3. Definition of Optical Anomalies in Terms of the Indicatrix 281.4. Anomalies of Obvious Etiology 281.4.1. Gross Compositional Inhomogeneity 291.4.2. Macroscopic Deformations of Crystals 311.5. Abundance of Optical Anomalies 34 2. Stress Induced Optical Anomalies 352.1. Introduction 352.2. Phenomenological Description of Piezooptic Effects 352.2.1. Piezooptic and Elastooptic Coefficients 362.2.2. Piezooptic Phenomena in Amorphous Solids 372.2.3. Piezooptic Phenomenon in Cubic Crystals 392.2.4. Piezooptic Phenomenon in Uniaxial Crystals 412.2.5. The General Case 412.2.6. Example: Piezooptic Effect in PbMoO4 442.3. Numerical Estimations of Stress and Stress-Induced OpticalAnomalies 462.4. Sources of Stress 472.5. Inclusions 472.6. Dislocations 502.6.1. Single Dislocations 502.6.2. Dislocation Ensembles 532.6.3. Macroblocks, Grain, and Twin Boundaries 612.7. Thermoelasticity and Thermoplasticity 612.8. Compositional Heterometry 672.8.1. What is Heterometry? 672.8.2. Zoning 682.8.3. Growth Sector Zoning 862.8.4. Sub-Sector Zoning 912.8.5. Effect of Growth Conditions on the Stress-Induced OpticalAnomalies 923. Kinetic Ordering-Disordering 953.1. Introduction 953.1.1. Kinetic Ordering 953.1.2. Kinetic Disordering 973.2. Crystal Symmetry 973.2.1. The Neumann-Curie Principle 973.2.2. Application of Group Theory 993.3. Optical Inhomogeneity of Crystals 1033.3.1. Sector Zoning 1043.3.2. Sub-Sector Zoning 1073.3.3. Sector Zoning vs Sub-Sector Zoning 1143.3.4. Concentric Zoning 1163.3.5. Anomalous Progression of Anomalous Birefringence 1163.4. Kinetic Ordering and Crystal Structure 1203.4.1. Experimental Analyses 1203.4.2. Desymmetrization by X-Ray Diffraction 1213.4.3. Kinetic Ordering and the Optical Indicatrix 1273.4.4. Kinetic Ordering and Anomalous Pleochroism 1313.4.5. Metastability of Kinetic Ordering 1353.4.6. Kinetic Ordering vs. Structure of the Growing Surface 1413.4.7. Relaxation by Diffusion 1453.5. Factors Affecting Growth Ordering 1493.5.1. Crystal Composition 1493.5.2. Composition of Growth Medium 1563.5.3. Temperature and Pressure 1563.5.4. Growth Rate 1573.5.5. Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer 1614. Heterogeneous Crystals 1634.1. Optics of Heterogeneous Crystals 1634.2. Optically Homogeneous Systems 1644.2.1. Inclusions 1644.2.2. Optically Homogeneous Heterostructures 1684.2.3. Heterostructures of Polytype Modifications 1704.2.4. The Reverse Problem for the Polytype Intergrowths 171Table of Contents vii4.2.5. Polysynthetic Twinning 1794.2.6. Ex-Solution Structures 1824.2.7. Syntaxy 1824.2.8. Chaotic Misorientation of Components 1844.3. Optically Heterogeneous Systems 1854.3.1. Introduction 1854.3.2. Isogyres 1864.3.3. Isochromes 1904.3.4. Modeling Distorted Conoscopic Figures 1914.3.5. Calculation of the Distorted Conoscopic Figures:Some Examples 1924.3.6. Distorted Conoscopic Figures as a Characteristic of CrystalInhomogeneity 1984.4. Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales 2005. Superimposition of Optical Anomalies 2015.1. General Remarks 2015.2. Internal Stress 2025.2.1. Compositional Heterometry 2025.2.2. Dislocations and Dislocation Ensembles 2035.3. Kinetic Ordering 2035.4. Crystal Heterogeneity 2045.5. Optical Anomalies in Ugrandite Garnets 2045.6. Optical Anomalies in Solid Solutions of Alums 2075.7. Detecting Superimposed Sources of Optical Anomalies 2075.8. Faux Optical Anomalies 208Conclusion 211References 213Appendices